Temporary files are data stored briefly to support ongoing processes or tasks, like application caches, download intermediates, or session data. They differ from permanent files by being non-essential, automatically managed (often deleted upon task completion or system restart), and stored in designated system locations (e.g., /tmp on Linux/macOS, or the Temp folder on Windows). Their core purpose is to improve efficiency during operations without cluttering long-term storage.

Common practical uses include web browsers storing partial downloads (like videos) in a cache directory during streaming until playback completes, allowing smoother viewing. Video editing software also heavily utilizes temporary files during rendering; these hold processed segments of a project before final assembly into the output file. Industries from software development (build artifacts) to cloud computing (ephemeral storage in services like AWS Lambda) rely on this concept.

The primary advantages are speed, as accessing disk-based temporary files is faster than regenerating data, and resource efficiency, freeing memory (RAM) for other tasks. Key limitations involve volatility—files can be lost unexpectedly on shutdown or cleanup—and potential security risks if sensitive data isn't securely handled. Future developments focus on improved automatic management and integration with fast, scalable ephemeral storage in cloud environments, though awareness of security best practices remains essential for safe usage.