Limiting file sharing by device or location involves applying security rules to control access based on where a user connects from or what device they use. This means defining trusted locations (like office IP addresses) or approved device types (company-managed laptops, specific mobile devices) as requirements before file sharing is permitted. Access is typically blocked if a connection originates from an unknown location like public Wi-Fi or from unregistered personal devices. This enhances security by restricting sensitive data to environments deemed safe and devices known to be secure.

Common implementations include integrating with Mobile Device Management (MDM) systems to enforce that only compliant corporate devices (e.g., with encryption and passwords enabled) can access company file-sharing tools like SharePoint or OneDrive. Geo-fencing prevents access if a user's IP address falls outside pre-defined regions, such as blocking file downloads when accessing from a foreign country. Financial services or healthcare sectors frequently employ these methods alongside Data Loss Prevention software to protect regulated information.

The primary advantages are significantly reducing data breach risks from compromised public devices or untrusted networks. It ensures sensitive information remains confined within secure perimeters. However, limitations include challenges for mobile workforces needing legitimate remote access from diverse locations or personal devices (BYOD scenarios), potentially requiring careful exception management like requiring VPNs. Ethical considerations involve balancing security with user flexibility and monitoring implications. Ongoing development focuses on adaptive access policies using real-time risk assessments.